Mental Health Involuntary Patient Treatment - 2190 Words

Mental Health: Involuntary Patient Treatment By Jessie Sherlock The issue of humanity’s mental health is something our species has dealt with since the beginning of our existence – even if it wasn’t publically acknowledged. Mental health is generally defined as a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being: a disorder of thought or mood which significantly impairs the judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to cope with the ordinary demands of life resulting in possible harm to themselves or others. The World Health Organization, also known as WHO, has defined mental health as â€Å"a state of well-being that enables a person to cope with the normal stresses of his or her life, do productive work, contribute to the community, and otherwise realize his or her potential† (WHO, 2014). What we as humans face, is the overwhelming struggle to attain a proper state of psychological and emotional well-being – which can be more difficult than commonly though t in today’s society all around the world. A mental illness is any condition which disrupts a person’s mental health. A mental illness or disorder can stem from physical causes such as disease, or any combination of environmental, psychological, and genetic factors. The most commonly recognized mental illnesses include: depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Gale, 2015). In the United States, the legalShow MoreRelatedCrazy, By Pete Earley1184 Words   |  5 Pagesinformative non-fiction book, about the struggles that mental health patients and their family members encounter. Pete Earley starts off the story by talking about his son Mike, who started to act strangely in his senior year of college. (Earley page 9). It turned out that Mike would be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and was prescribed medications. Mike thought he was fine, therefore would frequently stop taking his medications. Mike refused treatment from a hospital that he was adm itted to. BecauseRead MoreMental Health Incidents Have Effected Policing1439 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress mental health incidents have effected policing. Through my research I have determined that Canadian law enforcement has failed to manage the new demands placed on them from historical and societal changes towards mental illness. This failure to properly manage has caused inefficiencies Police have long been the default resource to manage new demands from changes in society, and in regards to mental illness, they have been referred to as the â€Å"informal first responders of mental health† (CouncilRead MoreThe Most Serious Forms Of Mental Illness1142 Words   |  5 PagesMental Illness Deinstitutionalization The most serious forms of mental illness are psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar (manic-depression), which affect the mind and alter a person’s ability to understand reality, think clearly, respond emotionally, communicate effectively, and behave appropriately. People with psychotic disorders may hear nonexistent voices, hallucinate, and make inappropriate behavioral responses. Others exhibit illogical and incoherent thought processes andRead MoreEssay about In Demand of a New Reform, But How? 1703 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who do not have health insurance to be able to seek medical attention especially the Mentally Ill, a target group. Since the early years the closing of many state mental health institutions have been occurring around the United States, forcing millions of patients out in to the street and ending up in prisons. An individual who has a metal health issue needs to be given a sort of treatment not punishment. The mentally ill are not recei ving the adequate help and treatment that they deserve andRead MoreThe Ethical Implications of Involuntary Treatment for Substance Abuse1251 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy 235 The Ethical Implications of Involuntary Treatment for Substance Abuse Every time health professionals claim to speak for the rights of others many questions arise within the bioethical community. Although altruism is a motivating mechanism of selfless care for others, it may have a dark side. Involuntary treatment for alcohol and drug abuse is a controversial tool used in medical care. The question of whether or not such treatment can be applied has been an unresolvable issueRead MoreUnited Nations Convention On The Rights Of People With Disabilities2274 Words   |  10 Pagesof human rights in the mental health sector as human rights of the people with mental disabilities have been violating (World Health Organisation). . Many countries in the world and Australia itself have legislation to treat a person with mental illness against his/her wish or without their consent which is the abuse of their basic human rights. The mental health legislation which is called Involuntary Treatment Orders involves treatment and detention of people with mental illne ss against their wishRead MoreCommitting The Mentally Ill1154 Words   |  5 Pagesestimated equivalent to one in four adults, will have a diagnosable mental illness (Mental Disorders). There is a stigma of people that obtain any form of any mental disorder, which leads to the controversial question of when it is acceptable to admit someone into a psychiatric hospital, forcefully or not. It is legal to commit a person, without their will, in a mental institution in multiple states. Many are uneducated on the reality of mental illnesses, which can play into the impulsive action of wantingRead MoreMental Health And The Prevention Of The Progression Mental Illness1222 Words   |  5 PagesMental Health Policy in Scotland Prevention Scotland has several programs to aid in the prevention of the progression mental illness. There are courses on Scotland’s Mental Health First Aid, mentally healthy workplace training, and suicide prevention training. The Mental Health First Aid training is designed to help people recognize the signs and symptoms of a mental disorder and gives people the knowledge necessary to handle a mental health crisis. The mentally healthy workplace training is focusedRead MoreCan A Patient Take Medication If There Is No Medical Emergency?1329 Words   |  6 PagesCan A Patient Be Forced to Take Medication If There Is No Medical Emergency? In this case, the patient John Rennie, a former pilot, had been in and out of mental health facilities in the state of New Jersey since his twin brother died in 1973 in an airplane accident. Between 1973 and 1977 he had been treated both inpatient and outpatient, numerous times, per the court record, at least 11 times. He had been diagnosed with various mental health issues which included paranoia, schizophrenia, and manicRead MoreCommunity Mental Health Movement Of The United States1210 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Mental Health Movement For many years, people who suffered with mental illness were more often than not institutionalized and severely mistreated. The history of the Mental Health movement begins in 1909. The history of advocacy began with Clifford W. Beers. Beers, himself an ex-psychiatric patient who, after his release, crusaded to bring mental health and mental illness to the attention of his fellow citizens (Pols). In 1908, Beers published his autobiography, A Mind That Found Itself

Morning After Pill Free Essays

Morning after-pill (MAP) or plan B is an emergency pill that stops a woman from becoming pregnant if contraception failed or wasn’t used. The morning after pill works best if taken within 24 hours of unprotected sex. Medics argue that plan B’s efficacy is up 70% and its effectiveness up to 72 hours there after its efficacy is not known. We will write a custom essay sample on Morning After Pill or any similar topic only for you Order Now (http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html). It is noteworthy that the earlier it’s taken the better. Examples of medicine currently used include levonelle one step in UK and postinor2 in most Africa states. The pills contain a female-type hormone such as levorgestrel. Other names used to refer to MAP include post-coital pill (PCP) and emergency contraceptive (EC)-emergency because it is not used under normal circumstances and has stricter conditions under which they can be used for instance, the postinor2 mostly used in Africa states can only be used once within every menstrual cycle. Remember MAP cannot work if one is already pregnant and therefore it is not an abortion-causing drug. MAP works in two possible ways; preventing ovaries from releasing egg or altering the lining of the womb so a fertilized egg wont be implanted. I want to argue that MAP must be made readily available to interested consumers. Let us first consider the categories of people who use it and their circumstances. 1) Rape victims A lady may be raped during her fertile days such unplanned and unprotected sex may result in unwanted pregnancy. An instance such as this justifies the use of MAP. MAP would help prevent pregnancy, which may alleviate the possibility of abortion (as the one raped may opt for it), and the humiliation a child who is as a result of rape may face from parent(s). 2) Women who have been lured into sex while under the influence of emotional whims or drugs. Women under such influence of drug and alcohol may find themselves having unprotected sex. Men may want to take advantage of them. Once such women regain sobriety, MAP may be handy in preventing anxiety and pregnancy. Everyone will agree that at some point in their life, at least every woman, because of circumstances such as the ones we have, may lose their sobriety. Isn’t it kind of medics for providing such women an alternative and possibility for preventing unwanted pregnancy? 3) Lovers or a couple may suffer condom burst/breakage. If this happens, without MAP there would be no other easy way of preventing pregnancy. The fact that such people were using a condom implies that they never wanted conception to occur. Isn’t MAP a relief to most couples? I will reiterate that MAP does not induce abortion and therefore Christians opposed to abortion and other pro-life activists have no reason to be indifferent. As a matter of fact, they should advocate for it as it has come in to reduce cases of abortion emanating from rape, condom burst and unplanned sexual intercourse. When these happen, MAP provides the consolation that, ‘its not too late, there is plan B’. With advancement in the medical field unlike the older MAP, today’s pills cause very little side-effects. Statistics show that one woman in every 60 actually vomits. Other mild side effects include tummy ache, breast tenderness, dizziness and vaginal spotting of blood. These side effects are less severe as compared with the risks of not using MAP. Critics of MAP feel there is no need for one to subject themselves to such side effects but the risks in not using it may be too heavy to bear. MAP can be used by a greater percentage of women apart from for instance those with porphyria and severe liver problems. Having explored MAP, we should be right to state that access to it must be made easy. Local pharmacists should be allowed to stock it and allow clients to buy it without necessarily needing a doctor’s prescription. (American Medical Association, 2006; Ellertson, Trussell, Stewart Winikoff, 1998).  Ã‚   After all, the side effects are not problematic are again most ladies are knowledgeable of how to use it and for what purposes. Although others feel this may prompt its abuse but we can argue that Pharmacists can chat with client quickly about it to know whether they understand its appropriate use and the side effects. It’s encouraging to learn that in America, an over-the-counter sale of the ‘morning after’ contraceptive pill to those over 18 has been approved. Abortion rights advocates hailed this although many bemoaned the age restrict.   â€Å"We are pleased that a common sense common-ground agenda for reducing unintended pregnancy and the need for abortion finally won out.† Said Kinsten Moore, President of the reproductive health technology project, Washington. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) Anti-abortion groups feel plan B is an abortion pill whose widespread availability would lead to increased STD. Other abortion rights pushed for over-the-counter availability of plan B arguing that its availability would sharply reduce the newly 1 million abortions performed annually in USA but this may not be true as studies suggest that in the USA, couples have so much unprotected sex. â€Å"EC don’t work if are kept in the draw† and studies show that even if women have pills on hand, the drawer is where they remain.† Says Dr James Trussell, Princeton University. But Dr Raines says, â€Å"Unintended pregnancy rates have been dropping over the last decade. Plan B will contribute to further decline. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) The term morning –after pill is inmost cases misleading in its effectiveness. It’s Not 100% and only works up to 70%. Therefore some women have unprotected sex hoping to use MAP but unfortunately they end up becoming pregnant and this may lead to abortion or disorient one’s family plan.   Some women are opposed to it because it doesn’t protect them from pregnancy for the rest of their menstrual cycle. It therefore compels them to abstain from sex or use a barrier method like a condom. Again, it is believed that MAP is not good at protecting ectopic pregnancy (EP) (Stewart and Van Look, 1998 P142). Incase it causes EP, then the repercussions quite expensive and ladies who know what having an ectopic pregnancy tend to oppose MAP. However, as per now EP caused by MAP would be just like any other accident and so far medical researchers haven’t linked MAP directly to EP unless research proves it. We should not jump into conclusion. Again no research has shown any increase in abnormities among babies whose mothers took MAP. Some people argue against MAP on the basing that past experience does show that other hormones taken in early pregnancy have harmed children. But instead of using assumptions, focused studies should be done to establish the connection between MAP and babies’ abnormalities and EP. Otherwise, we will not have a firm ground to stand and argue that simply because other hormones have caused abnormalities, MAP too causes it. It may be an exception The intra-uterine device (IUDS)/the coil is an alternative for MAP. Unfortunately only few medical specialists are trained in fitting them efficiently. Again the intra-uterine device may make one anemic because of the volume and length of menstrual flow. Insertion is difficult and painful for women and has more restrictions, which include heart value problems, previous EP and pelvic infection. (Bucar, 1999). This makes MAP to remain the most appropriate and least expensive. So opposing its use and making it difficult to access only makes it strenuous for women. I believe every one should be in control of their life. A medicine such as MAP gives women more means to control and plan for their lives. Arguing against MAP is like arguing that family planning should be done away with to allow chance and nature to rein it an arena that it otherwise shouldn’t. In conclusion, the current price range of $25-$40 should be lowered and possibly subsidized by the federal governments. Arrangements should be made and possibilities explored on providing emergency contraception for free like its done in some parts of the UK. Youth advisory clinics, family planning clinics, college health centers, STD clinics and walk-in clinics must seek to stock and make readily available MAP at a lowest cost possible. Work cited 1. American Medical Association, Council on Medical Service. Access to Emergency Contraception [H-75.985] Chicago, IL: AMA, 2006; 2. Bucar, L. Caution: Catholic Health Restrictions May Be Hazardous to Your Health . Washington, DC: Catholics for a Free Choice, 1999. 3. Devin, D. Contraceptive coils (IUDS) http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html Accessed online on 24 November 2007 1:50:42 GMT. 4. Ellertson, C., Trussell, J., Stewart F.H, Winikoff, B. Should emergency contraceptive pills be available without a prescription? Journal of the America Medical Women’s Association. 1998; 53 (5, Supplement 2): 226-229. 5. Gardiner Harris, 24thAug 2006.In New York Times. http://www.nytims.com/2006/08/24/heath/24end-pill.html. Accessed online on 23rd, Nov. 2007 6. Stewart F, Van Look P.F.A. Emergency contraception: Contraceptive Technology .17th revised edition. New York: Irvington, 1998. How to cite Morning After Pill, Essay examples

Perspective Responsive Designing Principle â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perspective Responsive Designing Principle? Answer: Introduction With the increasing number of mobile devices with variable screen sizes are used and adopted by the users throughout the world, the need for the responsive web design is also becomes more important for the designers. This becomes more important as without the responsive design the websites does not provide a consistent view on the different devices the users are trying to open it. Presently the sites are developed with the responsive layout by keeping in mind the small resolution of 320 pixels to the larger resolutions like, devices with 120 pixels. The following report contributes to the review and explanations about the different features of a given site makezine.com, positive and negative aspects of the provided site from the perspective of the users and numerous recommendations that can help in improving the experience of the users when they interact with the given site. In addition to that the tools used for the testing are also discussed in the different sections marketing report along with the advantages and disadvantages of the tool. Moreover, other available tools to test websites are also discussed in this report. Overview and description The makezine.com is a digital magazine that publishes articles on DIY or DIWO project related to the computer, woodcraft, metal works as well as electronics and robotics. The pages of the site are using the responsive web designing methodology. This helps the user to see the site in a consistent layout on the different devices with varying screen size. Identification of the main features of the Site The given website is served with GZIP encoding to the users that helps in the reduction in the loading time for the webpages of the website. In addition to that, all the pages are also optimised for mobile viewing as majority of the users are using mobile or smart phone devices in order to access the site. For this optimization the pages are developed using the media specific CSS. The use of the media specific CSS enables the browsers on the smartphones or other similar devices to detect the screen size and optimize the pages as per the size as well as in efficiently rendering the navigation controls, images and texts. This site also follows the standard practice of using a permanent URL HTTP 301 redirecting process in the different URLs of the different pages that are with/without trailing slashes. Positive aspects Use of the Media Specific CSS: All the pages in the sites are developed and delivered to the users with the media specific CSS for consistent view regardless of the screen size of the screen of the devices (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). Thus leads to the better users experience whether the access the site through a work station or a smart phone device. Efficient use of the Web page Titles: All the web pages of the given site efficiently uses page titles. These page titles appears on the top of the search results for a search engine results as well as at the top of the users browser windows. Use of appropriate page titles can help in search engine ranking optimization to be in the top results in the search results. Negative aspects Lack of height and Width HTML tag: While evaluating the given website makezine.com, we found that the most of the images on the different pages of the site almost 98.0% images does not have any defined size by utilizing the height and width HTML attributes on the pages (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). Even though these HTML attributes are considered as operations by the web page designers but are strongly recommended as this attributes help the web browser load the web pages faster as the browser can render the total page while keeping the space for the image on the page. The Web browsers download the page data in a parallel way as well as they try to render the webpage as soon as possible with the downloaded data (Baturay and Birtane 2013). If the image height and width of the source images is not specified, the browser would not have any idea about the dimension of the image and the space it is going to take on the web page until the image is fully downloaded by the browser. This delay in the download of the image and rendering process forces the web browser to frequently reflow or repaint the layout of the page. This consequently leads to the overall delay in the complete load time. With the more number of images with the same issue the more time browser will take to load the web page (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). If the height and width of the images are specified either in supporting CSS or in the main HTML code then the web browser can easily avoid the frequent repaints of the layout of the page as per the downloaded content. Lack of Description Meta tags: In our observation all the pages of the site include some metadata. On the other hand only 40.0% of the web pages in the site consist of a description Meta tag. The description Meta data on every page is considered as important because it is used by the search engines whenever a user searches for some site that matches with the similar Meta tags and with better Meta tags it can improve the ranking on the search result pages. Empty headings: In our observations we found that some of the headings on the different pages are empty or are incorrectly defined (Baturay and Birtane 2013). These empty headings can irritate the users as are of no value to impact the search engine results. At the end it makes a website less accessible and are avoided by the users. The pages on the site uses proper contrast between the back ground of the page and the elements on the foreground. In addition to that, the pages also contains well defined headings that makes the user easily interact with the content under each and every heading with lesser amount of effort. Recommendation to be made to the site Including Meta data on all the pages: It is to be ensured that every page on the site include at least a Meta description for their Meta Tags. If this Meta Data is not included on the pages then search engines will arbitrarily choose some sample text from webpages in order to determine the appearance in the results list. Inclusion of Meta description can improve the appearance of the site in the search engine results. Proper use of the headings and content under them: It needs to be made sure that all the headings on the different pages have at least some content relevant to the heading on the pages. Incorrect use of the headers on the pages: Some of the web pages of the site contains headings that are not defined correctly. As per the standard convention, the H1 tag must be used for top-level headings on the pages, H2 needs to be used for sub-headings under the main headings,H3, H4 for sub-headings that comes after and so-on. Not using this convention results in confusion in the visitors to the site. RWD principles RWD or the Responsive web design is considered as an approach in the field of web design that delivers an optimal interaction and viewing experience through the wide range of users devices with varying screen sizes such as desktop computer monitors, hand held smart phones. There are mainly 9 principles that are to be maintained and adopted while designing a responsive web design. The principles are briefly described below. Flow of the Content: With the smaller screen sizes of the devices the content on the page takes up more and more vertical space, thus the next part in the content is pushed down so that it would not interrupt the users view. Pushing down the content of the webpages for better viewing is called flow. Use of relative Units: The viewing screen can be a smart phone screen, desktop, or other devices. Pixel density on the different devices also varies, therefore in the designing the web pages some units requires that are flexible to work with. In this scenario, relative units like percent of the screen size is helpful. Therefore making something 40% wide on the screen, will imply that the element will always 40% of the screen. For this viewport can be used that is total size of web browser window. Use of the Vectors instead of image files: In case the used images on the web pages does not contain some specific effects, it is suggested to use the Vectors. As the Vectors can provide consistent view of all the images even though they are zoomed out. Use of Web fonts: In the responsive web designs the use of the web fonts is encouraged so that the view of the pages can be made attractive. At the same time it is also important to keep in mind that, the increased number of used web fonts increases the loading time of the web pages as the page loads only after all the packages are downloaded. Mobile first approach: As the number of smart phone devices and their users increasing day by day (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). A large number of users access the site through the smart phones thus it is suggested to develop the website with mobile first approach. Use of Max and Min values for different elements: Use of the Max and Min values in order to restrict the stretching of the content of the site throughout the page or screen. As an example for the content or an element having width 100% will result in the stretching of the total content or element all over the screen. On the other hand the fixing the max width 100px would restrict the content from filling the overall screen, but go over 100px. Use of the Nested objects in the design: In the web pages that consist of lot of elements that depends on each other for their position on the screen. In this scenario it would be difficult to control the positions and appearance on the screens. In order to avoid this issues, it is important to wrap elements in a container in HTML code (Baturay and Birtane 2013). This makes the elements more clean, understandable as well as tidy on the screen. In this scenario the static units for the screen sizes such as pixels can help to position the elements. Relevance with the principles According to our tests the pages of the site is developed depending on the nine RWD principles discussed above. Such as the Simulation tools used for the review For reviewing the given site we have used the Chrome device simulator of the chrome browser. Advantages The chrome device simulator is helpful in the following ways, Helps the developers to find unexpected behaviour of the responsive sites on different viewports. It is free and open source The emulator can be connected with IDEs so that early testing during the development of the pages can be done. It is an inexpensive solution for the testing of the sites. Disadvantages For any device and its browser, there are mainly three components that are important for rendering the sites which are, Screen size of the device: It is the size of the viewport of the device to render the webpage. User Agent: It is the component of the browser that informs the website about itself and its attributes to retrieve the appropriate HTML. Rendering Engine of the browser: It is the code of browser which is used to interpret the HTML/CSS on the page. After that it renders and create what the users see in the browser. The chrome device simulator can accommodate the requirement one and two in the above list. On the other hand, in case of the Rendering engine the Chrome device simulator cannot emulate the behaviour of a real one leading to the inefficient testing and results (Baturay and Birtane 2013). Unable to emulate Device hardware: CPU and GPU behaviour are not emulated in this simulation tool. Browser User Interface: The emulator is unable to emulate the address bar and other system UI elements. In addition to that, native displays, such aselements, are not emulated as list. Some enrichments, like number inputs, keypad mode, varies from actual mobile device behaviour. Other browser functionalities like, the iOS orientation zoom is not emulated in the chrome device emulator. In addition to that, line-height CSS property operates in the emulator, but is not supported in the browsers like Opera Mini. Similar tools available for testing Responsinator.com: Responsinator is an online tool that helps website designers quickly get an overview about their responsive website. Changing the device settings on the site they can test their sites on the most popular devices starting from the desktops to the smart. The site does not exactly replicate how it will look and act on the devices thus the site suggest use of the real devices for accurate testing result. MobileTest.me: The Site helps the developers to select from a wide range of mobile devices with different screen sizes so that they can observe the appearance on the viewports of those devices. Conclusion In developing the responsive web design, it can help in the decreasing the development cost for different platforms as it uses single and common code Base. Responsive websites utilize one code base for all devices with varying screen sizes, which implies that only one site needs to be maintained, which can mean less cost after some time. Responsive website designs enables applications for adjusting powerfully to different screen sizes, extents, and introductions. RWD is a way to deal with the issue of outlining for the colossal number of gadgets running from little cell phones to extensive desktop screens. The most important technical issue for developers taking a shot at responsive destinations is progressively resizing pictures. Utilizing CSS2 to code for pictures in adaptable design that resize for various measured viewport is simple. The issue is that smartphones need to download the full-estimate picture before measuring it to fit the show. At the end the, development costs for responsive plans add expenses to the advancement stage. As opposed to planning one interface, designers now need to code to support more than one devices and test them all. References Rogatnev, N., 2015. Responsive Web Design. Kim, B., 2013. Responsive web design, discoverability, and mobile challenge. Library technology reports, 49(6), pp.29-39. Baturay, M.H. and Birtane, M., 2013. Responsive web design: a new type of design for web-based instructional content. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, pp.2275-2279. Hussain, A. and Mkpojiogu, E.O., 2015. The effect of responsive web design on the user experience with laptop and Smartphone devices. management Teknologi, 77(4), pp.41-47. Fielding, J., 2014. Beginning Responsive Web Design with HTML5 and CSS3. accounting. Lestari, D.M., Hardianto, D. and Hidayanto, A.N., 2014. Analysis of user experience quality on responsive web design from its informative perspective. Int. J. Softw. Eng. Appl, 8(5), pp.53-62. Bernacki, J., B?a?ejczyk, I., Indyka-Piasecka, A., Kopel, M., Kukla, E. and Trawi?ski, B., 2016, March. Responsive web design: testing usability of mobile web applications. In Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems (pp. 257-269). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jehl, S. and Marcotte, E., 2014. Responsible responsive business. A Book Apart. Mohorovi?i?, S., 2013, May. Implementing responsive web design for enhanced web presence. In Information Communication Technology Electronics Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2013 36th International Convention on (pp. 1206-1210). IEEE. Voutilainen, J.P., Salonen, J. and Mikkonen, T., 2015, May. On the design of a responsive user interface for a multi-device web service. In Proceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (pp. 60-63). IEEE Press.