Mental Health Involuntary Patient Treatment - 2190 Words

Mental Health: Involuntary Patient Treatment By Jessie Sherlock The issue of humanity’s mental health is something our species has dealt with since the beginning of our existence – even if it wasn’t publically acknowledged. Mental health is generally defined as a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being: a disorder of thought or mood which significantly impairs the judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to cope with the ordinary demands of life resulting in possible harm to themselves or others. The World Health Organization, also known as WHO, has defined mental health as â€Å"a state of well-being that enables a person to cope with the normal stresses of his or her life, do productive work, contribute to the community, and otherwise realize his or her potential† (WHO, 2014). What we as humans face, is the overwhelming struggle to attain a proper state of psychological and emotional well-being – which can be more difficult than commonly though t in today’s society all around the world. A mental illness is any condition which disrupts a person’s mental health. A mental illness or disorder can stem from physical causes such as disease, or any combination of environmental, psychological, and genetic factors. The most commonly recognized mental illnesses include: depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Gale, 2015). In the United States, the legalShow MoreRelatedCrazy, By Pete Earley1184 Words   |  5 Pagesinformative non-fiction book, about the struggles that mental health patients and their family members encounter. Pete Earley starts off the story by talking about his son Mike, who started to act strangely in his senior year of college. (Earley page 9). It turned out that Mike would be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and was prescribed medications. Mike thought he was fine, therefore would frequently stop taking his medications. Mike refused treatment from a hospital that he was adm itted to. BecauseRead MoreMental Health Incidents Have Effected Policing1439 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress mental health incidents have effected policing. Through my research I have determined that Canadian law enforcement has failed to manage the new demands placed on them from historical and societal changes towards mental illness. This failure to properly manage has caused inefficiencies Police have long been the default resource to manage new demands from changes in society, and in regards to mental illness, they have been referred to as the â€Å"informal first responders of mental health† (CouncilRead MoreThe Most Serious Forms Of Mental Illness1142 Words   |  5 PagesMental Illness Deinstitutionalization The most serious forms of mental illness are psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar (manic-depression), which affect the mind and alter a person’s ability to understand reality, think clearly, respond emotionally, communicate effectively, and behave appropriately. People with psychotic disorders may hear nonexistent voices, hallucinate, and make inappropriate behavioral responses. Others exhibit illogical and incoherent thought processes andRead MoreEssay about In Demand of a New Reform, But How? 1703 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who do not have health insurance to be able to seek medical attention especially the Mentally Ill, a target group. Since the early years the closing of many state mental health institutions have been occurring around the United States, forcing millions of patients out in to the street and ending up in prisons. An individual who has a metal health issue needs to be given a sort of treatment not punishment. The mentally ill are not recei ving the adequate help and treatment that they deserve andRead MoreThe Ethical Implications of Involuntary Treatment for Substance Abuse1251 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy 235 The Ethical Implications of Involuntary Treatment for Substance Abuse Every time health professionals claim to speak for the rights of others many questions arise within the bioethical community. Although altruism is a motivating mechanism of selfless care for others, it may have a dark side. Involuntary treatment for alcohol and drug abuse is a controversial tool used in medical care. The question of whether or not such treatment can be applied has been an unresolvable issueRead MoreUnited Nations Convention On The Rights Of People With Disabilities2274 Words   |  10 Pagesof human rights in the mental health sector as human rights of the people with mental disabilities have been violating (World Health Organisation). . Many countries in the world and Australia itself have legislation to treat a person with mental illness against his/her wish or without their consent which is the abuse of their basic human rights. The mental health legislation which is called Involuntary Treatment Orders involves treatment and detention of people with mental illne ss against their wishRead MoreCommitting The Mentally Ill1154 Words   |  5 Pagesestimated equivalent to one in four adults, will have a diagnosable mental illness (Mental Disorders). There is a stigma of people that obtain any form of any mental disorder, which leads to the controversial question of when it is acceptable to admit someone into a psychiatric hospital, forcefully or not. It is legal to commit a person, without their will, in a mental institution in multiple states. Many are uneducated on the reality of mental illnesses, which can play into the impulsive action of wantingRead MoreMental Health And The Prevention Of The Progression Mental Illness1222 Words   |  5 PagesMental Health Policy in Scotland Prevention Scotland has several programs to aid in the prevention of the progression mental illness. There are courses on Scotland’s Mental Health First Aid, mentally healthy workplace training, and suicide prevention training. The Mental Health First Aid training is designed to help people recognize the signs and symptoms of a mental disorder and gives people the knowledge necessary to handle a mental health crisis. The mentally healthy workplace training is focusedRead MoreCan A Patient Take Medication If There Is No Medical Emergency?1329 Words   |  6 PagesCan A Patient Be Forced to Take Medication If There Is No Medical Emergency? In this case, the patient John Rennie, a former pilot, had been in and out of mental health facilities in the state of New Jersey since his twin brother died in 1973 in an airplane accident. Between 1973 and 1977 he had been treated both inpatient and outpatient, numerous times, per the court record, at least 11 times. He had been diagnosed with various mental health issues which included paranoia, schizophrenia, and manicRead MoreCommunity Mental Health Movement Of The United States1210 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Mental Health Movement For many years, people who suffered with mental illness were more often than not institutionalized and severely mistreated. The history of the Mental Health movement begins in 1909. The history of advocacy began with Clifford W. Beers. Beers, himself an ex-psychiatric patient who, after his release, crusaded to bring mental health and mental illness to the attention of his fellow citizens (Pols). In 1908, Beers published his autobiography, A Mind That Found Itself

Morning After Pill Free Essays

Morning after-pill (MAP) or plan B is an emergency pill that stops a woman from becoming pregnant if contraception failed or wasn’t used. The morning after pill works best if taken within 24 hours of unprotected sex. Medics argue that plan B’s efficacy is up 70% and its effectiveness up to 72 hours there after its efficacy is not known. We will write a custom essay sample on Morning After Pill or any similar topic only for you Order Now (http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html). It is noteworthy that the earlier it’s taken the better. Examples of medicine currently used include levonelle one step in UK and postinor2 in most Africa states. The pills contain a female-type hormone such as levorgestrel. Other names used to refer to MAP include post-coital pill (PCP) and emergency contraceptive (EC)-emergency because it is not used under normal circumstances and has stricter conditions under which they can be used for instance, the postinor2 mostly used in Africa states can only be used once within every menstrual cycle. Remember MAP cannot work if one is already pregnant and therefore it is not an abortion-causing drug. MAP works in two possible ways; preventing ovaries from releasing egg or altering the lining of the womb so a fertilized egg wont be implanted. I want to argue that MAP must be made readily available to interested consumers. Let us first consider the categories of people who use it and their circumstances. 1) Rape victims A lady may be raped during her fertile days such unplanned and unprotected sex may result in unwanted pregnancy. An instance such as this justifies the use of MAP. MAP would help prevent pregnancy, which may alleviate the possibility of abortion (as the one raped may opt for it), and the humiliation a child who is as a result of rape may face from parent(s). 2) Women who have been lured into sex while under the influence of emotional whims or drugs. Women under such influence of drug and alcohol may find themselves having unprotected sex. Men may want to take advantage of them. Once such women regain sobriety, MAP may be handy in preventing anxiety and pregnancy. Everyone will agree that at some point in their life, at least every woman, because of circumstances such as the ones we have, may lose their sobriety. Isn’t it kind of medics for providing such women an alternative and possibility for preventing unwanted pregnancy? 3) Lovers or a couple may suffer condom burst/breakage. If this happens, without MAP there would be no other easy way of preventing pregnancy. The fact that such people were using a condom implies that they never wanted conception to occur. Isn’t MAP a relief to most couples? I will reiterate that MAP does not induce abortion and therefore Christians opposed to abortion and other pro-life activists have no reason to be indifferent. As a matter of fact, they should advocate for it as it has come in to reduce cases of abortion emanating from rape, condom burst and unplanned sexual intercourse. When these happen, MAP provides the consolation that, ‘its not too late, there is plan B’. With advancement in the medical field unlike the older MAP, today’s pills cause very little side-effects. Statistics show that one woman in every 60 actually vomits. Other mild side effects include tummy ache, breast tenderness, dizziness and vaginal spotting of blood. These side effects are less severe as compared with the risks of not using MAP. Critics of MAP feel there is no need for one to subject themselves to such side effects but the risks in not using it may be too heavy to bear. MAP can be used by a greater percentage of women apart from for instance those with porphyria and severe liver problems. Having explored MAP, we should be right to state that access to it must be made easy. Local pharmacists should be allowed to stock it and allow clients to buy it without necessarily needing a doctor’s prescription. (American Medical Association, 2006; Ellertson, Trussell, Stewart Winikoff, 1998).  Ã‚   After all, the side effects are not problematic are again most ladies are knowledgeable of how to use it and for what purposes. Although others feel this may prompt its abuse but we can argue that Pharmacists can chat with client quickly about it to know whether they understand its appropriate use and the side effects. It’s encouraging to learn that in America, an over-the-counter sale of the ‘morning after’ contraceptive pill to those over 18 has been approved. Abortion rights advocates hailed this although many bemoaned the age restrict.   â€Å"We are pleased that a common sense common-ground agenda for reducing unintended pregnancy and the need for abortion finally won out.† Said Kinsten Moore, President of the reproductive health technology project, Washington. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) Anti-abortion groups feel plan B is an abortion pill whose widespread availability would lead to increased STD. Other abortion rights pushed for over-the-counter availability of plan B arguing that its availability would sharply reduce the newly 1 million abortions performed annually in USA but this may not be true as studies suggest that in the USA, couples have so much unprotected sex. â€Å"EC don’t work if are kept in the draw† and studies show that even if women have pills on hand, the drawer is where they remain.† Says Dr James Trussell, Princeton University. But Dr Raines says, â€Å"Unintended pregnancy rates have been dropping over the last decade. Plan B will contribute to further decline. (www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/health/24cnd-pill.htm) The term morning –after pill is inmost cases misleading in its effectiveness. It’s Not 100% and only works up to 70%. Therefore some women have unprotected sex hoping to use MAP but unfortunately they end up becoming pregnant and this may lead to abortion or disorient one’s family plan.   Some women are opposed to it because it doesn’t protect them from pregnancy for the rest of their menstrual cycle. It therefore compels them to abstain from sex or use a barrier method like a condom. Again, it is believed that MAP is not good at protecting ectopic pregnancy (EP) (Stewart and Van Look, 1998 P142). Incase it causes EP, then the repercussions quite expensive and ladies who know what having an ectopic pregnancy tend to oppose MAP. However, as per now EP caused by MAP would be just like any other accident and so far medical researchers haven’t linked MAP directly to EP unless research proves it. We should not jump into conclusion. Again no research has shown any increase in abnormities among babies whose mothers took MAP. Some people argue against MAP on the basing that past experience does show that other hormones taken in early pregnancy have harmed children. But instead of using assumptions, focused studies should be done to establish the connection between MAP and babies’ abnormalities and EP. Otherwise, we will not have a firm ground to stand and argue that simply because other hormones have caused abnormalities, MAP too causes it. It may be an exception The intra-uterine device (IUDS)/the coil is an alternative for MAP. Unfortunately only few medical specialists are trained in fitting them efficiently. Again the intra-uterine device may make one anemic because of the volume and length of menstrual flow. Insertion is difficult and painful for women and has more restrictions, which include heart value problems, previous EP and pelvic infection. (Bucar, 1999). This makes MAP to remain the most appropriate and least expensive. So opposing its use and making it difficult to access only makes it strenuous for women. I believe every one should be in control of their life. A medicine such as MAP gives women more means to control and plan for their lives. Arguing against MAP is like arguing that family planning should be done away with to allow chance and nature to rein it an arena that it otherwise shouldn’t. In conclusion, the current price range of $25-$40 should be lowered and possibly subsidized by the federal governments. Arrangements should be made and possibilities explored on providing emergency contraception for free like its done in some parts of the UK. Youth advisory clinics, family planning clinics, college health centers, STD clinics and walk-in clinics must seek to stock and make readily available MAP at a lowest cost possible. Work cited 1. American Medical Association, Council on Medical Service. Access to Emergency Contraception [H-75.985] Chicago, IL: AMA, 2006; 2. Bucar, L. Caution: Catholic Health Restrictions May Be Hazardous to Your Health . Washington, DC: Catholics for a Free Choice, 1999. 3. Devin, D. Contraceptive coils (IUDS) http://www.netdoctor.co.k/whoisd.html Accessed online on 24 November 2007 1:50:42 GMT. 4. Ellertson, C., Trussell, J., Stewart F.H, Winikoff, B. Should emergency contraceptive pills be available without a prescription? Journal of the America Medical Women’s Association. 1998; 53 (5, Supplement 2): 226-229. 5. Gardiner Harris, 24thAug 2006.In New York Times. http://www.nytims.com/2006/08/24/heath/24end-pill.html. Accessed online on 23rd, Nov. 2007 6. Stewart F, Van Look P.F.A. Emergency contraception: Contraceptive Technology .17th revised edition. New York: Irvington, 1998. How to cite Morning After Pill, Essay examples

Perspective Responsive Designing Principle â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perspective Responsive Designing Principle? Answer: Introduction With the increasing number of mobile devices with variable screen sizes are used and adopted by the users throughout the world, the need for the responsive web design is also becomes more important for the designers. This becomes more important as without the responsive design the websites does not provide a consistent view on the different devices the users are trying to open it. Presently the sites are developed with the responsive layout by keeping in mind the small resolution of 320 pixels to the larger resolutions like, devices with 120 pixels. The following report contributes to the review and explanations about the different features of a given site makezine.com, positive and negative aspects of the provided site from the perspective of the users and numerous recommendations that can help in improving the experience of the users when they interact with the given site. In addition to that the tools used for the testing are also discussed in the different sections marketing report along with the advantages and disadvantages of the tool. Moreover, other available tools to test websites are also discussed in this report. Overview and description The makezine.com is a digital magazine that publishes articles on DIY or DIWO project related to the computer, woodcraft, metal works as well as electronics and robotics. The pages of the site are using the responsive web designing methodology. This helps the user to see the site in a consistent layout on the different devices with varying screen size. Identification of the main features of the Site The given website is served with GZIP encoding to the users that helps in the reduction in the loading time for the webpages of the website. In addition to that, all the pages are also optimised for mobile viewing as majority of the users are using mobile or smart phone devices in order to access the site. For this optimization the pages are developed using the media specific CSS. The use of the media specific CSS enables the browsers on the smartphones or other similar devices to detect the screen size and optimize the pages as per the size as well as in efficiently rendering the navigation controls, images and texts. This site also follows the standard practice of using a permanent URL HTTP 301 redirecting process in the different URLs of the different pages that are with/without trailing slashes. Positive aspects Use of the Media Specific CSS: All the pages in the sites are developed and delivered to the users with the media specific CSS for consistent view regardless of the screen size of the screen of the devices (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). Thus leads to the better users experience whether the access the site through a work station or a smart phone device. Efficient use of the Web page Titles: All the web pages of the given site efficiently uses page titles. These page titles appears on the top of the search results for a search engine results as well as at the top of the users browser windows. Use of appropriate page titles can help in search engine ranking optimization to be in the top results in the search results. Negative aspects Lack of height and Width HTML tag: While evaluating the given website makezine.com, we found that the most of the images on the different pages of the site almost 98.0% images does not have any defined size by utilizing the height and width HTML attributes on the pages (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). Even though these HTML attributes are considered as operations by the web page designers but are strongly recommended as this attributes help the web browser load the web pages faster as the browser can render the total page while keeping the space for the image on the page. The Web browsers download the page data in a parallel way as well as they try to render the webpage as soon as possible with the downloaded data (Baturay and Birtane 2013). If the image height and width of the source images is not specified, the browser would not have any idea about the dimension of the image and the space it is going to take on the web page until the image is fully downloaded by the browser. This delay in the download of the image and rendering process forces the web browser to frequently reflow or repaint the layout of the page. This consequently leads to the overall delay in the complete load time. With the more number of images with the same issue the more time browser will take to load the web page (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). If the height and width of the images are specified either in supporting CSS or in the main HTML code then the web browser can easily avoid the frequent repaints of the layout of the page as per the downloaded content. Lack of Description Meta tags: In our observation all the pages of the site include some metadata. On the other hand only 40.0% of the web pages in the site consist of a description Meta tag. The description Meta data on every page is considered as important because it is used by the search engines whenever a user searches for some site that matches with the similar Meta tags and with better Meta tags it can improve the ranking on the search result pages. Empty headings: In our observations we found that some of the headings on the different pages are empty or are incorrectly defined (Baturay and Birtane 2013). These empty headings can irritate the users as are of no value to impact the search engine results. At the end it makes a website less accessible and are avoided by the users. The pages on the site uses proper contrast between the back ground of the page and the elements on the foreground. In addition to that, the pages also contains well defined headings that makes the user easily interact with the content under each and every heading with lesser amount of effort. Recommendation to be made to the site Including Meta data on all the pages: It is to be ensured that every page on the site include at least a Meta description for their Meta Tags. If this Meta Data is not included on the pages then search engines will arbitrarily choose some sample text from webpages in order to determine the appearance in the results list. Inclusion of Meta description can improve the appearance of the site in the search engine results. Proper use of the headings and content under them: It needs to be made sure that all the headings on the different pages have at least some content relevant to the heading on the pages. Incorrect use of the headers on the pages: Some of the web pages of the site contains headings that are not defined correctly. As per the standard convention, the H1 tag must be used for top-level headings on the pages, H2 needs to be used for sub-headings under the main headings,H3, H4 for sub-headings that comes after and so-on. Not using this convention results in confusion in the visitors to the site. RWD principles RWD or the Responsive web design is considered as an approach in the field of web design that delivers an optimal interaction and viewing experience through the wide range of users devices with varying screen sizes such as desktop computer monitors, hand held smart phones. There are mainly 9 principles that are to be maintained and adopted while designing a responsive web design. The principles are briefly described below. Flow of the Content: With the smaller screen sizes of the devices the content on the page takes up more and more vertical space, thus the next part in the content is pushed down so that it would not interrupt the users view. Pushing down the content of the webpages for better viewing is called flow. Use of relative Units: The viewing screen can be a smart phone screen, desktop, or other devices. Pixel density on the different devices also varies, therefore in the designing the web pages some units requires that are flexible to work with. In this scenario, relative units like percent of the screen size is helpful. Therefore making something 40% wide on the screen, will imply that the element will always 40% of the screen. For this viewport can be used that is total size of web browser window. Use of the Vectors instead of image files: In case the used images on the web pages does not contain some specific effects, it is suggested to use the Vectors. As the Vectors can provide consistent view of all the images even though they are zoomed out. Use of Web fonts: In the responsive web designs the use of the web fonts is encouraged so that the view of the pages can be made attractive. At the same time it is also important to keep in mind that, the increased number of used web fonts increases the loading time of the web pages as the page loads only after all the packages are downloaded. Mobile first approach: As the number of smart phone devices and their users increasing day by day (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). A large number of users access the site through the smart phones thus it is suggested to develop the website with mobile first approach. Use of Max and Min values for different elements: Use of the Max and Min values in order to restrict the stretching of the content of the site throughout the page or screen. As an example for the content or an element having width 100% will result in the stretching of the total content or element all over the screen. On the other hand the fixing the max width 100px would restrict the content from filling the overall screen, but go over 100px. Use of the Nested objects in the design: In the web pages that consist of lot of elements that depends on each other for their position on the screen. In this scenario it would be difficult to control the positions and appearance on the screens. In order to avoid this issues, it is important to wrap elements in a container in HTML code (Baturay and Birtane 2013). This makes the elements more clean, understandable as well as tidy on the screen. In this scenario the static units for the screen sizes such as pixels can help to position the elements. Relevance with the principles According to our tests the pages of the site is developed depending on the nine RWD principles discussed above. Such as the Simulation tools used for the review For reviewing the given site we have used the Chrome device simulator of the chrome browser. Advantages The chrome device simulator is helpful in the following ways, Helps the developers to find unexpected behaviour of the responsive sites on different viewports. It is free and open source The emulator can be connected with IDEs so that early testing during the development of the pages can be done. It is an inexpensive solution for the testing of the sites. Disadvantages For any device and its browser, there are mainly three components that are important for rendering the sites which are, Screen size of the device: It is the size of the viewport of the device to render the webpage. User Agent: It is the component of the browser that informs the website about itself and its attributes to retrieve the appropriate HTML. Rendering Engine of the browser: It is the code of browser which is used to interpret the HTML/CSS on the page. After that it renders and create what the users see in the browser. The chrome device simulator can accommodate the requirement one and two in the above list. On the other hand, in case of the Rendering engine the Chrome device simulator cannot emulate the behaviour of a real one leading to the inefficient testing and results (Baturay and Birtane 2013). Unable to emulate Device hardware: CPU and GPU behaviour are not emulated in this simulation tool. Browser User Interface: The emulator is unable to emulate the address bar and other system UI elements. In addition to that, native displays, such aselements, are not emulated as list. Some enrichments, like number inputs, keypad mode, varies from actual mobile device behaviour. Other browser functionalities like, the iOS orientation zoom is not emulated in the chrome device emulator. In addition to that, line-height CSS property operates in the emulator, but is not supported in the browsers like Opera Mini. Similar tools available for testing Responsinator.com: Responsinator is an online tool that helps website designers quickly get an overview about their responsive website. Changing the device settings on the site they can test their sites on the most popular devices starting from the desktops to the smart. The site does not exactly replicate how it will look and act on the devices thus the site suggest use of the real devices for accurate testing result. MobileTest.me: The Site helps the developers to select from a wide range of mobile devices with different screen sizes so that they can observe the appearance on the viewports of those devices. Conclusion In developing the responsive web design, it can help in the decreasing the development cost for different platforms as it uses single and common code Base. Responsive websites utilize one code base for all devices with varying screen sizes, which implies that only one site needs to be maintained, which can mean less cost after some time. Responsive website designs enables applications for adjusting powerfully to different screen sizes, extents, and introductions. RWD is a way to deal with the issue of outlining for the colossal number of gadgets running from little cell phones to extensive desktop screens. The most important technical issue for developers taking a shot at responsive destinations is progressively resizing pictures. Utilizing CSS2 to code for pictures in adaptable design that resize for various measured viewport is simple. The issue is that smartphones need to download the full-estimate picture before measuring it to fit the show. At the end the, development costs for responsive plans add expenses to the advancement stage. As opposed to planning one interface, designers now need to code to support more than one devices and test them all. References Rogatnev, N., 2015. Responsive Web Design. Kim, B., 2013. Responsive web design, discoverability, and mobile challenge. Library technology reports, 49(6), pp.29-39. Baturay, M.H. and Birtane, M., 2013. Responsive web design: a new type of design for web-based instructional content. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, pp.2275-2279. Hussain, A. and Mkpojiogu, E.O., 2015. The effect of responsive web design on the user experience with laptop and Smartphone devices. management Teknologi, 77(4), pp.41-47. Fielding, J., 2014. Beginning Responsive Web Design with HTML5 and CSS3. accounting. Lestari, D.M., Hardianto, D. and Hidayanto, A.N., 2014. Analysis of user experience quality on responsive web design from its informative perspective. Int. J. Softw. Eng. Appl, 8(5), pp.53-62. Bernacki, J., B?a?ejczyk, I., Indyka-Piasecka, A., Kopel, M., Kukla, E. and Trawi?ski, B., 2016, March. Responsive web design: testing usability of mobile web applications. In Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems (pp. 257-269). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jehl, S. and Marcotte, E., 2014. Responsible responsive business. A Book Apart. Mohorovi?i?, S., 2013, May. Implementing responsive web design for enhanced web presence. In Information Communication Technology Electronics Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2013 36th International Convention on (pp. 1206-1210). IEEE. Voutilainen, J.P., Salonen, J. and Mikkonen, T., 2015, May. On the design of a responsive user interface for a multi-device web service. In Proceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (pp. 60-63). IEEE Press.

To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene Essay Example

To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene Essay Shylock receives a variety of treatment during Act 4 Scene 1. He receives pity, mercy but most of all he is treated as bad as a dog; a wolf, being viewed as heartless and vicious. Gratiano begins insulting Shylock before Portia enters; at the beginning of the court hearing. He says thou be damned inexecrable dog, hoping Shylock would die for what he is doing. Gratiano tends to express the opinions of other people rather than his own, which shows how hated Shylock is. However, Shylock does receive (what turns out to be) mercy when Portia tell Shylock to be merciful. It is an attribute to God himself, Portia exclaims, showing she has considered how to appeal to Shylock and how she considers him as an equal, talking about their god and not excluding shylock as a non-believer etc. as others do. Although, while I think she is being fair in giving him mercy, I consider the possibility that if it was Antonio seizing a pound of Shylocks flesh, then Portia would not of tried to stop him. But I cannot be sure of this as there is no evidence supporting this apart from the Christians general hatred towards Jews and more specifically Shylock. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later on, Shylock is offered to take 9000 ducats, thrice what he wanted, and leave. However, Shylock declines this offer due to it not being paid, according to the tenour, while the date to pay the money back has been passed and therefore Shylock was entitled to the forfeit, it still comes across to me as evil to want to kill Antonio instead of taking substantially more money. This shows that Shylock was being evil and unforgiving, leaving you to think that later on in the scene; the treat he got was deserved. Furthermore, Shylock was asked to Have by some surgeon but Shylock denies Portias request as it is not nominated in the bond. This clearly confirms if it wasnt already that Shylocks aim is to kill Antonio, and in my opinion no one should have the right to kill an innocent man. However, I cant help but think about Shylocks and Antonios history, before the play began. From my point of view, Shylock is reacting in retaliation to Antonio, by the fact hes so determined yet nervous, this means to me that Antonio has done bad things to shylock and is not completely innocent, although again the only evidence I have for this is that Shylock says you spat on me, called me dog. But it also seems Antonio has done something more than that too. Moreover, Shylock is constantly insulted for his religion; whether it be Gratiano calling him a currish Jew or just people constantly referring to him as the Jew, perceiving him as maybe not human and categorising and segregating him because of his religion. Its quite clear that in Shakespeares time, very few people would be aware of their racism, as it is natural in their time. In fact, the only character to make a point of racism is Shylock with the Hath not a Jews eyes speech, however, he is also guilty of it himself, constantly stopping his daughter from seeing a boy or going to a party with one for he is a Christian. However, you cannot know if this is blatant racism or a You hate me, so I hate you situation. Either way Shylock definitely doesnt deserve the racial abuse he gets. Again, in Shakespeares time it would be different with the audience even cheering when anybody insults Shylock or even shouting out racist insults at him themselves. At this point in the play, just before Shylock cuts Antonio, I felt as if Shylock was receiving his justice, even if it is sick and wrong. Antonio had agreed to the bond so in a legal viewpoint, everything was fine, even if it was off quite a bit from a moral Viewpoint. I felt as if Antonio seemed to deserve a punishment for what hes (supposedly) done, but death, I still felt, was too harsh. Portia then says this bond doth give thee here no jot of blood. I feel as if this is incorrect, Antonio knew blood would be drawn and he was ready to die which proves it. However, this was a good solution to the problem, Antonio lives; Shylock can take the money and it would all be over. But again, Shylock does not receive justice due to this, and after the treatment he gets, I think he deserves it. Here, I think Portia is being especially unfair by leading Shylock on, leading him to think he was going to get his revenge but then right at the last second she crushes his spirit. I think she couldve easily laid down this information at the start of the hearing. She is clearly trying to humiliate him in front of everybody, which, in my opinion, is disgusting considering the humiliation he already receives plus what that information alone would do to him to start with! Portia punishes him further when she reveals that since Shylock is an alien trying to seek the life of an innocent, half his goods got to Antonio, and the other half to the Duke. From earlier on in the play, Shylock has shown that money is one of the most important things to him. So on top of clearly, the most important thing to Shylock, his revenge on Antonio, he has also been subject to losing all his money. He is ganged up on by almost every Venetian because he is a Jew. I believe the only reason we dont hear about it being so for different Jews is because of Shylock trying to do something about the abuse and treatment he receives. Shylock is also told he would have to beg for his life, beg mercy of the Duke. However, the Duke instantly says I pardon thee thy life before tough ask it. This is the first real mercy Shylock receives, even if it was out of pity. In my opinion, the Duke is the only important character in the play who truthfully just wants peace between everyone. For example, the Duke basically says what other people want and whats best, but he doesnt insult people like Shylock. I believe Shylock deserves this kind of treatment normally. Fortunately, it seems Antonio follows the Dukes path; quit the fine for one half of his goods. Antonio gives Shylock more pit, be giving him half of his money back but when he dies it passes unto his son Lorenzo. I, at this point, feel sorry for Shylock that all that has happened is that he has lost half his money and it will go to the person who stole his daughter and his ducats. At the same time I felt good that Shylock isnt going to die and its not a punishment that is too big and in fact its mercy from Antonio. But then Antonio says he presently become a Christian. From my point of view, this is the worst treatment Shylock could ever receive. The duke then forces Shylock to agree or he will recant the pardon he gave to Shylock, so he would die. This is another point where I believe everyone has ganged up on Shylock. However, 400 years ago, it wouldve been a great event for Shylock to become a Christian so he can become a good person, because how the Christians saw it, Jews were evil. However, living in the time that I do, I believe that everybody has a right to have their own beliefs. Shylock should not have been forced to become a Christian. Judaism is his life. The way I see it you would have to be extremely ignorant to believe that this was good action taken by Antonio. I believe no matter how evil the Christians viewed Shylock as, this makes Antonio dwarf Shylocks evil. Shylocks final words are I pray you give me leave to go from hence. I am not well. These show how broken Shylock has become from the trial. He has always been a confident person but everything has been taken away from him bit by bit during the play and theres clearly not much left. How I see it ending for Shylock, is for him to end his life on his own terms. At the start of the play, I would have never thought he would do that, he wasnt that kind of person. But after his outer shell and his inner too were broke down, I can see he is very brittle and sad because he is alone. And suicide is what I can see him doing because he thinks if he kills himself, he will have at least be doing it on his own terms, when in fact, its the opposite. In conclusion, I believe Shylock didnt receive the treatment he got. He has been segregated and insulted. He was a normal man trying to make profit, who had been insulted and spat on. He failed in getting his revenge and was humiliated for it. If I wrote this is Shakespeares time, Im sure Id be writing a very different essay with a very different conclusion. Id be supporting Antonio etc. With all the lessons Ive learnt from the past generations, I see Shylock should not be treated differently because of his religion. The outcome of the story would be so different if Antonio was to try and kill Shylock even though really theyre so similar. They both are trying to get business done with a slightly evil side to them. Antonio wouldnt have been treated badly, so Shylock shouldnt have been.

Reasons to Send Graduation Announcements

Reasons to Send Graduation Announcements Amidst everything else youre trying to finish before graduation- least of all, your actual classes- youre being pressured to send out graduation announcements. Why should you spend the time to send them out when you have so much else going on? Reasons to Send Graduation Announcements Your family and friends want to knowSure, some may know that you are graduating...sometime this year. An announcement is a great way to keep them informed and to let them know what your degree is and when, officially, youll be receiving it. Your parents and other family members want to brag about youHave you ever been to someones house and seen a graduation announcement hanging on their fridge? Wasnt it exciting and impressive? Your family has been supporting you during your time in school; let them have some bragging rights for the next few months by having their own announcement to post. Not to be crass, but...many folks might send you some cashIn many cultures, its traditional for friends and family members to send money as a graduation gift. And who doesnt need a little help as they have to pay for work clothes, a new apartment, and everything else thats needed for a new job (or even graduate school)? Its a good way to start networkingYoure graduating with a degree in Computer Science, and your uncle Chris just happens to work at a computer company youre interested in working for, too. An announcement can be a great way to open the door to future job opportunities  since people will know you are now officially a college graduate looking for work. Its a great keepsakeIt may seem like a pain now, but finding a copy 20 years from now of your graduation announcement, stored in a shoebox in your attic, is a great gift you can give your future self. Its a good way to keep in touch with peopleSure, Facebook and social media is a great way to keep in touch with friends. But what about family members or other folks who you dont see very often but still consider an important part of your life? Sending an announcement is a great way to keep the doors of communication open. Its a great way to celebrate your achievementLets not forget all the late nights, study sessions, hard work, cramming, and everything else you did to earn that degree. This is your perfect chance to let everyone know that youve finally earned your degree without sounding too pompous about it. Its a great way to thank those who helped you get to where you are todayDid you have an influential high school teacher who helped you get to college? A mentor in your church? A family member who really stepped in when you needed it? Sending graduation announcements to those who really made a difference in your life can be a great way to thank them for all their love and support.

How to Make Glow in the Dark Slime

How to Make Glow in the Dark Slime It only takes one more ingredient to turn normal slime into glowing slime. This is a great Halloween project, though its fun for any time of the year. Glowing slime is safe for kids to make. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: about 15 minutes Materials for Glow in the Dark Slime Elmers glue gel or 4%  polyvinyl alcohol  solution4% (saturated) borax solutionPhosphorescent zinc sulfide (ZnS) or glowing paintMeasuring cups/spoonsBowl or zip-top plastic baggieSpoon (optional) Make Glowing Slime Basically, you make glowing slime by adding zinc sulfide or glowing paint to normal slime. These instructions make a clear slime that glows in the dark. However, you could add zinc sulfide to any of the recipes for slime with different characteristics.The slime is made by preparing two separate solutions, which are then mixed. You can double, triple, etc. the recipe if you want more slime. The ratio is 3 parts PVA or glue solution to 1 part borax solution, with a little glow-in-the-dark agent thrown in (measurement isnt critical).First, lets prepare the glue gel or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. If you have polyvinyl alcohol, you want to make a 4% polyvinyl alcohol solution. 4 grams of PVA in 100 ml of water is great, but the project still works if your solution is a different percent of PVA (just takes more or less). Most people do not have PVA sitting around their homes. You can make a glue gel solution by mixing 1 part of glue gel (either clear or pale blue) with 3 parts of war m water. For example, you could mix 1 tablespoon glue with 3 tablespoons warm water, or 1/3 cup glue with 1 cup of warm water. Stir the glow agent into the glue gel or PVA solution. You want 1/8 teaspoon of zinc sulfide powder per 30 ml (2 tablespoons) of solution. If you cannot find zinc sulfide powder, you can stir in some glow-in-the-dark paint. You can find glowing paint at some paint stores or glowing paint powder (which is zinc sulfide) at craft or hobby stores. The zinc sulfide or paint powder will not dissolve. You just want it mixed in really well. Please read the label on the paint to make sure it is safe enough for your purposes.The other solution you need is a saturated borax solution. If you are in a chemistry lab, you can make this by mixing 4 g of borax with 100 ml warm water. Again, most of us arent going to be doing the project in a lab. You can make a saturated borax solution by stirring borax into warm water until it stops dissolving, leaving borax at the bottom of the glass.Mix together 30 ml (2 tablespoons) of PVA or glue gel solution with 10 ml (2 teaspoons) of borax solution. You can u se a spoon and a cup or you can just squish it together with your hands or inside a sealed baggie. The phosphorescent glow is activated by shining a light on the slime. Then you turn out the lights and it will glow. Please dont eat the slime. The slime solution itself isnt exactly toxic, but it isnt good for you, either. Zinc sulfide can be irritating to the skin, so wash your hands after playing with this slime. It may be harmful if swallowed, not because ZnS is toxic, but because it can react to form hydrogen sulfide gas, which isnt great for you. In a nutshell: wash your hands after using the slime and do not eat it. Do not inhale or ingest the glow-in-the-dark ingredient, whichever you choose to use.Store your slime in a baggie or other sealed container to keep it from evaporating. You can refrigerate it if desired. The slime cleans up well with soap and water. Tips for Slime Success The glowing slime in the photo was made using  a glowing paint called Glow Away at Michaels craft store, for $1.99, that is good for many, many batches of glowing slime (or other glowing projects). Its safe, washes away with water, and is easy to mix into the slime gel. It was located with the tempera paints. Other products may work equally well, just be sure to check the label for safety information.Instead of zinc sulfide (the compound used to make plastic glow-in-the-dark stars), you can substitute any phosphorescent pigment. Be sure the product is marked phosphorescent (glows in the dark) and not fluorescent (glows only under black light).You can use Elmers non-toxic blue glue gel for this project, sold with school supplies, but there is a clear glue gel made by another manufacturer, plus there are red or blue glue gels with stars and glitter that you could use.Usually, borax is sold in stores right next to laundry detergent. If you dont see it there, try looking near household cleaning chemicals or on the insecticide aisle (note: boric acid isnt the same chemical, so its not a good idea to  make substitutions).

THELMA AND LOUISE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THELMA AND LOUISE - Essay Example There are many things that can be taken from this memorable film, and the characters including how they are portrayed make the whole picture seamless. The issue of sexuality is the main foundation of the story. From the beginning we are introduced to the two main characters that represent different sides of the spectrum. We see Louise, a waitress, who is characterized as a modern woman who takes charge. She is confident in her job, smokes and drives a convertible muscle car nonetheless. She seems to live alone without a family despite her marrying age and all we know at first are passive references to a boyfriend. Then we see Thelma who perceptibly struggles in her day-to-day living with an abusive husband but without a child to care for. Thelma labors on the kitchen when Louise calls her about the out of town trip that she wants them to take. The latter was finally able to coerce her into going despite Darryl, her husband, unwilling to let her go based on his inherent proclivity to shelter her and prevent her from doing just about anything. The characters are shaped from the start of the film and their transformation is as interesting as it is revealing. Thelma’s changes were significant to the progression of the plot. To describe it in Louise’s own words, she had always been â€Å"sedated† from her life as a housewife and having to live with her husband. Prompted on Louise’s promise of fun on their road trip, Thelma’s loosening was taken to a whole new ground when they went to a bar which started the whole predicament. Having had too much to drink, Harlan, a too friendly guy took advantage and tried to rape her before Louise steps in to prevent his devious motive. Instigated by the arrogance of the man, Louise pulls the trigger and kills him. From here we watch as the two friends try to come up with a solution to evade their problems. Louise comes out as the problem solver as she had always been between the two of them, and struggles to pull herself together for both of them. She had been the stronger character up until J.D. shows up and steals their money which was their last remaining chance to get out for a clean break to Mexico. Suddenly, something changes on Thelma and she takes the foreground by robbing a convenience store with ease and composure. The criminal propensity is right within her all along and from â€Å"sedated† to â€Å"disturbed† she became just downright â€Å"crazy,† as Louise puts it. Thelma quips, â€Å"Oh man! You wouldn'ta believed it, it was like I was doing it all my life, nobody woulda believed it† (Thelma & Louise). The subdued housewife became the criminal mind who single-handedly robbed a store, thought of and carried out locking a policeman in the trunk of a police car. She had even deliberately thought it through by firing to create breathing holes, and was able to get comfortable with a gun she never wanted to handle in the first place and managed to blow up an entire truck. The repressed housewife, in a matter of days, let go of her morals and all the connotations of the abiding wife she had been expected to be. Louise is the other equally captivating character of the movie. The background of her story is the binding force behind her actions. What exactly happened in Texas

Project environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project environment - Essay Example In this scenario, the accomplishment of novel technology based infrastructure is intended to improve the general company as well as its operations management processes. I will present a complete outline of key tasks and areas those are considered to be problematic from the diagnosis point of view. Moreover, I will also propose the possible changes and improvements that we are able to carry out throughout new technology infrastructure. At the current time the businesses are facing a lot of problems regarding effective business projects management and reduced cycle time. In this regard, they are facing considerable delays between the project plan and actual implementation. Therefore, businesses are requiring to frequently adjusting company operations to survive in the everlasting competitive market situations. Additionally, to productively handle and manage new information and maintain it all through the corporation is critical to deal with these challenges. Thus, steady, business-wide knowledge sharing has, as a result, turned out to be essential. In this scenario, businesses apply solutions to collect, manage, and share knowledge. The most common opening application has been in the field of learning and training. Unluckily, usual classroom training plans are very time-consuming and costly to help businesses to tackle out mission-critical information quickly and competently (OneTouch, 2009). According to Efstathiades, Tassou, Antoniou, & Oxinos (1998) companies whose continued existence depends on upholding new, up to date, and well-informed business information need a flexible information sharing platform. Therefore, the business-wide knowledge sharing is one of most important factors. In scenario of latest technology implementation at a company there is need to change or update a lot of factors and business elements. In addition, there are a lot of issues involved in company management and

Treatment Programs for Criminals Essay Example for Free

Treatment Programs for Criminals Essay Research indicates that helping and guiding individuals who are regarded as criminals and abusers is a very hard task for an individual who is not well experienced due to an increase in crime as a result of various reasons that include poverty, misuse of drugs, and fighting for power among others. Many societies have come up with programs that enable the support of criminals without harsh conditionality. Since the society has developed a growing concern over the criminal behavior which is ever increasing, the justice system is urged to provide a delinquent preventive measure that will be aimed at preventing the young from indulging in criminal activities. Due to growing concerns over the increased number of criminals, countries have formulated programs that will ensure that the criminals involved are restored back to being good people in the society and in the process they have identified rehabilitation and counseling programs as the best way to nature them. As a result such programs play a major role in ensuring that these individuals will afterwards change and become productive members of the society (James and Richard, 2003). Rehabilitation normally involves the teaching and training the criminals who are addicted to a particular behavior to stop the defective behavior and try to become acceptable members of the society. Therefore under this, the society is given the responsibility of assisting these addicts or criminals by helping them to get hope through various programs that they will be educated thus helping them to heal their bodies and mind. The strengths associated with rehabilitation policies are that the criminals will achieve through these Programs education, which allows the offenders the opportunity to re-enter into the society as a responsible and productive citizen. For example, the people who undergo rehabilitation programs are normally allowed to receive counseling and guidance. For example, a rehabilitation program may involve the offenders in doing community work, such as cleaning the environment and activities that they think suits to the foundation of their interests. This will make them appreciate who they are and accept their presence and roles in the particular society (Gask and Usherwood, 2005). Strength for rehabilitating criminals is that there is always a collective supervision that is it will be able to provide an environment favorable enough to meet the special needs of the criminals which will help them to join the society newly as responsible and respected persons. However, rehabilitation is prone to some weaknesses which hinder the process of trying to help the offenders to be good and reliable people in the society. For example, the criminals or offenders subjected to rehabilitation programs feel isolated in the society and thus will not cooperate during the entire process. They view themselves as rejected people in the society who are treated cruelly and unjustly. These aspects make them to feel unworthy in the society and hence after the rehabilitation programs they don’t change but instead continue with bad behavior that they used to engage themselves in, indeed they become more hardened and thus becoming worse criminals. Also another weakness is lack of government support in supporting rehabilitation programs, for example laxity in funding the programs thus few criminals for instance the drug addicts and criminal offenders are subjected to such programs. (James and Richard, 2003) Counseling as a program is regarded as an essential tool in dealing with criminals who have been affected psychologically. This practice is usually used in helping this people to handle issues which are found to be causing factors of the psychological disorders. Occasionally, this practice requires skilled professionals who can deal with issues ranging from education, marriage, individuals and family matters. To do this the counseling professionals are therefore required to have the following in their practices in order to understand the person’s problems. The counselor should have good listening skills, empathy, and be genuine which will require the practitioner to tell the truth even if the subject matter is not that good to the criminal. Therefore one is required to bring out the truth in a way that the criminal will be able to handle and understand his situation; the counselor should give unconditional positive regard and also should have concreteness in providing any information about the problem. (Pham-Kanter, 2001) In this case of criminal cases, we find that many counselors indulge in a number of activities that usually assist the crime victims to come back to their normal status. The following are the methods that are used by the experienced counselors in order to resolve such issues; Therapeutic relationship; under this we find that a better relationship between the criminal and the counselor is established. The criminal is therefore required to build trust and safety on the counselor although sometimes it is argued that the victims finds it hard to build trust on the counselor thus they end up not giving full information about the causative factor of the crime. According to the counseling practices safety is considered as a leading factor to a safety therapeutic trauma work. In this case, the victim may be found to be having a number of characteristics that may hinder him from building trust and safety on the counselor. These factors may include personality temperament. We may also find that when the victim is found to have undergone a number of traumas, the chances of him or her building his trust on the counselor are always high (Eysenck and Hans, 1996). The other method used in counseling is the Dialectical Behavior Therapy which has an objective of dealing with individuals especially the criminals who are known to be suffering from the personality disorders. This therapy indicates that individuals are always found to be responding to the emotional stimulation not normally; this may come up as a result of biological factors and also the way the victim was brought up. This therapy is usually carried out in two forms; that is the weekly psychotherapist that involves the addressing issues that are said to have affected the individual during the week and also coming up with the best resolutions for such factors leading to the victims indulging in crimes. (Gask and Usherwood, 2005) The second form is the group therapy which is directed towards the handling of the interpersonal skills, the regulation of emotions and also enabling the individual to accept and also tolerate the disorder. The importance of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy is that it helps the criminals found to be suffering from the personality disorders to respond to such conditions positively and also bringing up a number of characteristics including that of self-esteem, having and looking for more goals in life and also learning of new methods of behaving. Cognitive way of therapy can also be used whereby it gives the criminal an opportunity to be optimistic and create reality in his prospects and thus reduction of depression. Cognitive therapy aid the dejected individual to be acquainted with life tribulations which are decisive and those that are of no importance which help him to come up with positive life objectives. Also problem solving therapy technique can be applied whereby the cause of depression is identified then it is solved to avoid further damage to the individual attacked. (James and Richard, 2003) Counseling plays a key role in treatment of psychological disorders and criminals with such disorders should be subjected to such programs in order to aid them to recover slowly from such attacks which may affect their lives. Counseling programs designed should be well formulated to address all the problems that the patients with such disorders are facing in the society in order to avoid the repeat of the attacks. These counseling services should be made easier in terms of getting access to it for example building counseling centers in all parts of the country. The relevant authorities should also chip in and offer the counseling services for free or at affordable rates to the members of the society. (Gask and Usherwood, 2005) Relapse prevention therapy can also be utilized to support the criminals to behave normally. It was originally designed as a maintenance program for replace victims. â€Å"RPT entails treatment of addictive behaviors which is used as stand-alone program that in most cases is designed to teach individuals to try and maintain changes initiated in the treatment process† (Pham-Kanter, 2001). Each person has an effective response system to cope with incidences of high risk situations but the problem is the guts to do so† (Pham-Kanter, 2001). Post-implementation survey on suitability of relapse prevention therapy has shown that relapse had decreased significantly as a result of the program. Pham-Kanter explains â€Å"RPT strategies are categorized to three groups; lifestyle modification, coping skills training and cognitive therapies†. â€Å"RPT strategies round up to both cognitive and behavioral techniques and approaches that provide victims of relapse with ways to reframe their habits once more and change processes in learning experiences with setbacks on how they can meet challenges of recovery† (Lorimar, 1999). Life modifications strategies include; exercise, spiritual practices, meditation among others. The professionals who are found to be taking care of the criminals should therefore provide education as a program for healing especially the school going children have to be taught on the repercussions of crime and also the use of drugs. It is a concern that crime is destroying the lives of many people in the world in general. The criminals will therefore be taught on the effects of indulging in crime and other practices like taking drugs because it is the drugs that influence them to engage in criminal activities such as gun crime (Gask and Usherwood, 2005). Drugs really affect the general mechanism of the human body. Sometimes individuals who have taken drugs like marijuana, cannabis, cocaine among others, cannot even go to work. The brain is adversely affected that when children take them their growth is adversely affected. When they know the adverse effects of taking these drugs, they will not desire to carry out crime. Nobody will desire to destroy the lives of their brothers and sisters. Education in this sector can be done both formally and informally i.e. in school and within the homesteads. It can be done informally through plays or video tapes. The media can be used to educate the general public on this issue and that is why operation trident is applauded for its work. This will help in eradicating the vice among the criminals. (James and Richard, 2003) Reference Pham-Kanter, G. (2001): Substance abuse and dependence. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine Second Edition Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, Pp 39-45 Lorimar, M. Palmer, R (1999): Relapse prevention: Overview of Marlette’s cognitive–behavioral model. Alcohol Research and Health, 23(2), 151–160. Ending The Revolving Door Of Crime and Creating Productive Lives Retrieved From: http://www.criminon.org/ Accessed on 1st august 2008 Eysenck and Hans J (1996)-Personality and Crime- Where do we stand Psychology, Crime and Law 2 pg123-134 Gask L and Usherwood T (2005) medical psychiatric issues for counselors London Retrieved from: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/43/2/93 Accessed on 30th of July 2008 James, Q. and Richard, J. (2003): Crime and Human Nature New York Simon and Schuster pg

Edna’s Realization in Chapter 28 of Chopin’s The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening

Edna’s Realization in Chapter 28 of Chopin’s The Awakening The fifteen lines of chapter 28 express Edna’s multi-voiced mindset after her relationship with Arobin exceeds the boundaries of friendship. The chapter opens with her crying and then explores the process of guilt as it sets in. Edna’s guilt, however, is afflicted by the other figures in her life, not by her own sense of wrongdoing. The manipulating voices in Edna’s life do affect her, but they do not linger as they once did. It is her voice, her realization, that comes at the end. The chapter’s second line, â€Å"It was only one phase of the multitudinous emotions which had assailed her,† suggests that Edna’s emotions are influenced by other individuals; the primary definition of â€Å"multitudinous† is â€Å"including a multitude of individuals† (Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary). It is as if more individuals than just her self populate Edna’s mind. These men (she hears no women’s voices) express their own wishes and wants, not Edna’s. Their voices and emotions â€Å"assail† her violently. First, Edna feels irresponsible - an odd emotion after an unfaithful act. She feels irresponsible as a married woman for she has not performed her appropriate duties, or rather, she has performed inappropriate duties as a married woman. This irresponsibility is the voice of society. Edna additionally experiences a sense of shock at something new, something out of the ordinary. Her customary way of life does not include intense sexual situations. Next, Edna senses her husband’s â€Å"reproach† - his rebuke and disapproval. She does not sense his anger or his jealousy, emotions which would perhaps be more appropriate for a man whose wife has been unfaithful to him. Rather, he is concerned with what â€Å"society† will say. Her mind’s portrayal of Mr. Pontellier’s response is quite accurate; when Edna writes her husband to let him know she is moving out, he is not angry or sad, but rather concerned with society’s estimation of the situation. He joins society in disapproving of her. Then comes Robert’s reproach, which she attributes to a â€Å"quicker, fiercer, more overpowering love....† Robert’s disapproval, then, comes from love, not from society’s cares and not from a desire to protect her (or himself) from society’s judgment. Yet this love is not Robert’s, but rather her own. The love has â⠂¬Å"awakened within her toward him† - and thus appears the title of the novel. She has been awakened to her love of him.

Colombian Coffee Essay

El Dorado Coffee Shop is a start up business projected to open its doors to the public next year. Some of the priorities of the business are focalized in giving the consumer the ulti- mate coffee experience, by offering them with an extensive variety of options that range from a soft favored taste to a strong taste of pure coffee for those who enjoy their coffee black. Moreover, the company has designed not only to pro- vide the best quality of Colombian coffee, but has also thought about the consumer’s pocket, offering one of the most competitive prices in the coffee premium market. The firm is able to have this competitive price by importing the coffee straight form Colombia which also allows us to control the quality and providence of our product. The company will be managed and directed by its only owner Juan De La Parra as their CEO. Also, the store will have one general manager in Colombia who will be in charge of exports. WHAT WE SELL El Dorado Coffee Shop will be offering its costumer with a variety of coffee products described bellow. †¢whole beans †¢blended coffee †¢Organic †¢Single origen †¢Instant coffee †¢decaf WHO WE SELL TO In order to identify the main target market, El Dorado Coffee Shop has divided the general popu- lation of the Chicago area by age, focusing on the population over 40 years old with a middle to a high income. The most important group of customers are those coffee lovers who have some time during the morning to brew their own cup of coffee before starting the day. The idea is to target those people who are not completely satisfy by any kind of quality coffee but would rather prefer the taste of a more high quality premium coffee taste CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential,trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee FINANCIAL SUMMARY Financial Highlights El Dorado Coffee Shop will fund its starting up costs by using personal savings and probably a loan. However, because the initial plan of initiation does not necessarily requires a physical loca- tion since the coffee could be distributed and promoted by internet and local establishments, most of the investment would be used to purchase the product. Sources of the funds include: †¢5,000 Personal savings †¢2,000 to 5,000 Loan ( Depending on the demand and the current coffee production in Colombia. Also we would have to consider the fluctuation of the price depending on the world demand) Financial Highlights by Year CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Company COMPANY OVERVIEW Overview: The company was founded as an initiative topromote an d distribute Colombian coffee in a relatively unexplored market. The main idea of the company is to create awareness of Colombia’s coffee inside a heavy coffee drinking society as the United States. Taking into account that the liquid capital that is go- ing to be used for the company’s creation is quite small, we are focusing on creating a web page where large amount of potential customers can be reached with a relatively low cost. Moreover, the web page will also serve as a medium to order any of our products, facilitating product distribution and the acquisi- tion of the product MANAGEMENT TEAM. The management team for el Dorado Coffee Shop will consist of the following personnel: Juan De La Parra, CEO. Some of the main responsibilities will be †¢Keep the store with the sufficient supply in order to maintain the demand while consider- ing the freshness of the product. †¢Coordinate and promote events that create awareness of Colombian coffee. †¢Coordinate monthly meetings with the general manager in Colombia. †¢set up goals and sales projections. Edgar Cruz, General Manager in Colombia. †¢Coordinates the exports to the U. S from Colombia †¢In charge of all legal documents. †¢Web site maintenance. Employees. (2 people). †¢Packaging and delivery CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Products and Services PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. This company will specialize in selling and distributing coffee as its main product. The coffee will be sold in different presentations and sizes. The presentations include whole bean, blend, or- ganic and Instant coffee. Kind †¢whole beans †¢blended coffee †¢Organic †¢Single origen †¢Instant coffee †¢decaf Size †¢Half pund †¢One pound COMPETITORS The essence of the company is based on meeting the expectations of a specific market share within the coffee drinkers, therefore competitors would be measured in the degree of how effec- tive they meet these expectations. We believe that we would have two kinds of competitors. Therefore only direct competition would be taking into account. examples of direct competitors are as follow: †¢Caribou Coffee shop †¢Intelligentsia †¢Big Shoulders Coffee †¢Bow Truss Coffee †¢Metropolis Coffee CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Target Market MARKET OVERVIEW According to statistics, the total percentage of Americans over the age of 18 that drink coffee ev-eryday is 54% and the total percentage of coffee consumption that takes place dur- ing breakfast hours is 65%; therefore, the intended main target market would be fo- cused on people 45 and older who have a little extra time to prepare coffee in the morning. How- ever, according to coffee statistics, younger people between the ages 18-34 in the office are pay- ing almost about $10 more per week on coffee than their 45-and-older counterparts ($24. 74 vs. $14. 15, respectively). So, this last group would be projected as a potential market in the future. MARKET NEEDS We believe that the American society runs on coffee consumption. From the young students who need to stay active and focus late at night, to general everyday workers who are always seeking for extra energy. However, to specify our target market we have selected a more specialized and knowledgeable consumer who not only sees coffee as a source of a little extra energy, but also appreciates and distinguishes the quality of a premium cup of coffee. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au-thor. Colombian Co? ee Strategy and Implementation MARKETING PLAN Overview Our market strategy will be focused in two main points. First of all, the main objective is to meet or exceed the expectations of the consumers. By implementing this first step, the company will be able to create customer loyalty and therefore be abel to rely on a stable demand. Second of all, the company will be focusing on the creation of awareness of the qualities of premium Colom- bian coffee. Even though most people have heard about Colombian coffee being one of the best in the world, very few people have tried before. We believe that the stimulation of Colombian coffee awareness will boots the demand for premium Colombian coffee. Moreover, by doing so, we will be able to differentiate our quality from the rest of the competition. Positioning Our business is intended for people who appreciate coffee, not only for a boots of energy, but also for those who appreciate and distinguish a premium high quality cup of coffee every time. For those who won settle from something else but the best. Pricing El Dorado Coffe Shop, will be competing with the high edge providers of premium coffee in the Chicago area. However, We will be able to provide the consumers with not only the best coffeebut one o f the most competitive prices in this kind of market. Promotion we will offer a free membership which will enable us to keep track of our regular customer wile rewarding them by a special promotion on their birthday and also with discounts after reaching certain amount of money in purchases. †¢Free membership card †¢Special discounts on your birthday †¢10% to 20% discounts after reaching 100 dollars cumulative in your card †¢Buy one get the second one 50% discount on special events during the year †¢3 referrals= 10% discount on your next purchase CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Distribution As a start up business we believe that the best way to grow and promote ourselves is to distribut- ing our products to other selling points besides ourselves. We will be willing to offer our product to coffee shops and cafes that are interested. Also, we plan to distribute the coffee ourselves, us- ing the Internet and local distribution channels. The distribution costs will vary depending the mediums available. MILESTONES Milestone Due Date Who’s Responsible Open the business February 28, 2015 Juan De La Parra CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Financial Plan REVENUE FORECAST Revenue Forecast Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Revenue whole beans co? ee bags $6,360 $0 $0 Organic co? ee $5,625 $0 $0 blend co? ee $4,750 $0 $0 Instant co? ee $3,105 $0 $0 Total Revenue $19,840 $0 $0 Direct Cost whole beans co? ee bags $2,862 $0 $0 Organic co? ee $2,250 $0 $0 blend co? ee $1,900 $0 $0 Instant co? ee $1,553 $0 $0 Total Direct Cost $8,565 $0 $0 Gross Margin $11,275 $0 $0 Gross Margin % 57% 0% 0% CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con? dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee Revenue by Month About the Revenue Forecast PERSONNEL PLAN Personnel Table Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Legal representative and chief manager in South America $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 assembly and Packing $2,400 $2,400 $2,400 Chief executive in North America $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 Total $26,400 $26,400 $26,400 About the Personnel Plan Personnel Plan will be as follows: CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISSEMINATE. This business plan contains con?dential, trade-secret information and is shared only with the understanding that you will not share its contents or ideas with third parties without the express written consent of the plan au- thor. Colombian Co? ee †¢North American manager who will be in charge of managing the storage and distribution o0f the products inside the U. S †¢Legal representative who will be in charge of administrating all the legal aspects and agreements between the company and the local producers. Also will be in charge of su- pervising the packing and exports to North America. †¢There will be one employee in charge of packing all the product meeting the legal re-quirements for exportation. BUDGET Budget Table Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Operating Expenses Salary $26,400 $26,400 $26,400 Employee Related Expenses $2,400 $2,400 $2,400 Marketing & Promotions $0 $0 $0 Exports $5,777 $0 $0 Utilities $0 $0 $0 O

Assignment Database

Else, you could wind up with a failure to rapidly record, sort and discover patients who have relating scenes of forethought, arrangements, authentic cases, and so forth. Similarly, you may need to guarantee that patients with open scenes of consideration, for example, those that are inpatients or are on a holding up rundown can't be erased or changed, on the grounds that such differentiations could have a risky impact on your database's honesty. Whether the issue causes lost or degenerate patient records, whichever way such audacious possibly be left unattached, gliding round your framework with no placeholder or legitimate way.In this manner, without referential trustworthiness you will be left with a database that can't run at an ideal execution level and is at danger from administrators. Referential Integrity empowers you to administer a predictable and approved database. Case in point, in a patient database you may need to guarantee that no patients could be entered into the fra mework without an extraordinary patient ID. Else, you could wind up with a failure to rapidly record, sort and discover patients who have comparing scenes of rethought, errands, authentic cases, and so on.Just as, you may need to guarantee that patients with open scenes of forethought, for example, those that are inpatients or are on a holding up rundown can't be erased or altered, on the grounds that such differentiations could have an unsafe impact on your database's honesty. Whether the issue causes lost or degenerate patient records, whichever way such audacious possibly be left unattached, drifting around your framework with no placeholder or coherent way. Consequently, without referential honesty you will be left with a database administrators. SIZE 4: QUEUE 5: QUEUE 6:Dater currently woven into each segment and capacity in the worldwide economy, and, in the same way as other key components of creation, for example, hard possessions and human capital, much of up to date invest ment movement basically couldn't happen without them. The utilization of Big Data -? extensive pools of death might be united and examined to perceive examples and settle on better choices -? will turn into the foundation of rivalry and development for unique firms, upgrading benefit and making huge worth for the world economy by decreasing waste and expanding the nature of items and administrations.As of recently, the torrent of defoliating our reality has been a marvel that likely just energize a couple of attends. At the same time we are presently at an intonation point. As stated by examination from the McKinney Global Institute (MGM) and McKinney & Company's Business Tech oenology Office, the sheer volume Of desecrated, put away, and dug for experiences has ended up financially pertinent to organizations, government, and buyers.The historical backdrop of past patterns in IT financing and improvement and its effect on intensity and benefit firmly propose that Big Data can have a comparable force, in reticular the capability to change our lives. The same preconditions that permitted past waves of IT-empowered advancement to power gainfulness, I. E. , innovation improvements emulated by the selection of reciprocal administration developments, are set up for Big Data, and we need suppliers of Big Data engineering and propelled logical proficiencies to have in any event to the extent that effect on benefit as suppliers of different sorts of innovation.All organizations need to take Big Data and its possibility to make esteem genuinely on the off chance that they need to contend. For instance, a few retailers grasping huge dataset the possibility to build their working edges by 60 for every penny. Enormous Data: another advantage The utilization of Big Data is turning into a vital path for heading organizations to beat their companions. In most businesses, built contenders and new contestants apparently equivalent will power derivative techniques to enhance, co ntend, and catch esteem.For sure, we discovered early samples Of such utilization of attain every area we inspected. In human services, dapperness are investigating the wellbeing results of pharmaceuticals when hey were generally recommended, and uncovering profits and dangers that were not obvious throughout fundamentally more constrained clinical trials. Other early adopters of Big Data are utilizing taproom sensors installed within items from youngsters' toys to modern merchandise to figure out how these items are really utilized as a part of this present reality.Such knowledge then advises the formation of new administration offerings and the outline of future items Enormous Data will help to make new development open doors and altogether new classes of organizations, for example, those that total and iciest industry information. A significant number of these will be organizations that sit amidst extensive data streams where outboard items and administrations, purchasers and sup pliers, purchaser inclination and plan might be caught and dissected.Forward-speculation pioneers crosswise over segments ought to start forcefully to fabricate their associations' Big Data competencies. Notwithstanding the sheer scale of Big Data, the continuous and high-recurrence nature of the dater likewise vital. Case in point, â€Å"miscasting,† the capacity to gauge measurements, for example, hopper certainty, quickly, something which formerly could just be carried out reflectively, is getting to be all the more broadly utilized, adding impressive force to expectation.Likewise, the high recurrence of tapestries clients to test speculations in close constant and to a level at no other time conceivable. We examined five spaces in profundity human services and retail in the United States, the general population segment in Europe, and assembling and individual area data(the area desecrated by the keen cell phones large portions of us now convey) universally and some compre hensively appropriate methods for leveraging enormous damagers. References (Insights & Publications, ND).

Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E

Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E By Maeve Maddox Many English words end in the letter e. In an earlier stage of the language, many of these final es were pronounced. Now, however, unless the word is a foreign borrowing, the final e is silent. Although final e is silent, it usually has a job to do. Here are the five rules for the use of silent final e. 1. Silent final e makes the vowel say its name. Compare the pronunciation of the following pairs of words: con cone cut cute mat mate In cone, the e makes the o say O. In cute, the e makes the u say U. In mate, the e makes the a say A. This first and most common kind of silent final e makes the letter say its name. 2. English words dont end in v or u. The e at the end of have and blue do not affect pronunciation. The e is there because the words would otherwise end in v or u. Impromptu is one of the few exceptions to this rule. 3. Silent E after the letters C and G soften their sounds. The letter C can represent the sounds of either /k/ as in cat or /s/ as in cent. The letter G can represent the sounds of either /g/ as in gum or /j/ as in gym. Silent final e after C and G indicates that the sounds are /s/ and /j/. Ex. lance and charge. Without the silent final e, these words would represent the pronunciations /lank/ and /charg/. 4. Every syllable must have a vowel. In words like candle, pickle, and people, the final syllable can be pronounced without a vowel, but in English, every syllable must have a vowel. (Would we really want to write pebbl or littl?) 5. Sometimes the silent final e has no purpose whatever. In words like are, and ore, the silent final e does not affect the pronunciation or provide a missing vowel, or keep a word from ending in v or u. This is the e that Mrs. Spalding (Romalda Spalding, The Writing Road to Reading) calls no-job e. Like Everest, its there. The word resumà © is often spelled in English with the French accent aigu to indicate the untypical pronunciation. The final e at the end of the Italian musical borrowing forte (loudly, powerfully) is pronounced like a long a: /for-tay/. Ex. This measure is marked forte. The final e at the end of the French borrowing forte (strength, strong point) is silent, although many speakers pronounce this word the same way they do the musical term. Ex. Cooking is not my forte. Industrious critics will point out exceptions that Ive failed to mention, but in most cases, the five rules apply and are useful to know. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowHow to spell "in lieu of"Nominalized Verbs

Autism 2

Autism 2 Essay There are many diseases and disorders that plague todays society, but one of the most serious of those disorders is autism. Autism is not nearly as widely known as the familiar Downs Syndrome, yet, surprisingly, autism is far more widespread. In fact, autism is the third most common developmental disability, affecting 400,000 people worldwide (Autism Society of America). As of yet there is no cure for this debilitating disorder, only a variety of treatments. Autism is a developmental disability, not a mental illness, that typically appears during the first three years of life and affects 15 of every 10,000 individuals. No one is certain why it occurs, but researchers have found that MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans of people with autism show abnormalities in the structure of the brain. Significant abnormalities include differences in the cerebellum and in the size and number of Purkinje cells within the brain. Sometimes there is a pattern that exists within families from generation to generation. This indicates the possibility that autism is genetically related. However, no gene has been found. Every person with autism is different and there is no set type or typical person with autism. This is because autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that symptoms and characteristics of the disorder can present themselves in a variety of ways, from mild to severe. Usually children with autism have deficiencies in both verbal and non-verbal communication. Their language develops slowly or not at all and they have very short attention spans. They often lack social skills and will spend time alone, rather than with others. In more severe cases, children have unusual reactions to physical sensations such as being overly sensitive to touch or under responsive to pain. Most commonly, children with autism lack imagination and imitate others ideas, rather than initiate their own. Lastly, behavior is greatly affected by autism. They may be overactive or very passive and throw frequent tantrums, injuring themselves, for no apparent reason other than to gather attention. They often lack common sense and show aggressive or violent behavior. While some people only show one or two symptoms, others have all or nearly all and find it extremely difficult to function in society. People with autism do live normal life spans and the behaviors associated may change or disappear over time. As of yet, there is no cure for autism. However, with the proper treatment, many of the behaviors can be positively changed. Some of the treatments include behavioral training, teaching of communication and social skills, auditory training, medications, and a change in diet. Behavioral training or modification, as it is also called, deals with changing or extinguishing inappropriate behaviors and increasing positive behaviors. A few methods are used to do this. One way is self-management where the individual monitors their behavior and receives self-reinforcement. Another method used is modeling. This is when the teacher or therapist demonstrates what is being done so the child can model the steps. Behavioral training is effective in stopping self-inflicted pain by shaping and distributing positive reinforcement. The teaching of communication and social skills is an integral part of treating autism. Speech therapy may include gaining language skills or learning sign language. Some devices are used frequently such as picture communication boards. Another device is used with a trained professional supporting the hand or arm of the person helping them to punch keys on a device. This technique, called facilitated communication, is highly controversial because it is sometimes thought that the facilitator is directing the persons arm unknowingly. One of the main characteristics of autism is the lack of understanding of social cues (Autism Society of America). The person with autism may be taught how to communicate in social situations or respond to certain facial expressions and emotions. If the emphasis is on social communication, a speech therapist will work closely with the child to ensure proper communication in social situations. Auditory training is sometimes used for those individuals who are oversensitive to sound. An audiologist plays a different variety of sound frequencies in this therapy. Food allergies and sensitivities have been shown to produce a variety of symptoms associated with .

Paper on engineering failure with guidelines Essay

Paper on engineering failure with guidelines - Essay Example One of the most epic sea engineering failures was seen in the 1912 during the Titanic accident that saw many lives and property perish in helpless circumstances. In 1912, the world ever largest ship sunk deep into the ocean leading to over 1500 deaths due to poor safety designs by the engineers during its construction (Lisbon 36). The impact with the iceberg in the middle of the ocean. The expert expressed their concern that the engineer’s key failure was allowing aesthetic value to take the center of the construction while disregarding safety designs. Research has found that the engineers were the primary cause of the inability to have adequate security infrastructure. In fact, the initial design had included two rows of lifeboats under the deck; however, the designers removed one row in order to create ample space for passengers views. The nature of the error was largely technological and reverse priority. During the accident, the iceberg buckled the popped plates leading to gushing of water into the transverse bulkheads that were reduced to allow for spacious first-class rooms (Lisbon 67). Probably the ship would have withstood the iceberg had the original design been executed. The fundamental principle of the security had been catered for in the original design. Following a disaster, there were changes in policy to increase the heights of the double hulls transverse bulkheads that will reach the sides of ships in the future. The engineers most important lesson was the importance of enhancing security measures in ship designs as number one priority (Lisbon 125). Macdonald & Jones (2006) article on Sustainable Drainage System (SUDs) presents a case study at Glasgow introduces an engineering design of drainage systems in cities and urban centers. The authors use Glasgow as one of the cities in the world with a classical SUDs